Counting and manipulating single electrons using a carbon nanotube transistor

We report on the electric measurements of an individual Au nanoparticle with an ultra-high contact resistance of about ${10}^{19}\mathrm{\Omega }$. The high-impedance measurements have been carried out by counting the electrons that are transferred onto the particle. In order to do this, a carbon nanotube is used as the electrode for the supply of electrons but also as the detector of the charge transfer. Measurements using single-electron detection allow us to determine the separation between the electron states in the Au nanoparticle, which is about 4 meV, consistent with the charging energy of the particle. Single-electron detection with nanotubes offers great promise for the study of electron transfer in highly resistive molecular systems.