The Role of Mathematical Folk Puzzles in Developing mathematical Thinking and Problem-Solving Skills

This paper covers a variety of mathematical folk puzzles, including geometric (Tangrams, dissection puzzles), logic, algebraic, probability (Monty Hall Problem, Birthday Paradox), and combinatorial challenges (Eight Queens Puzzle, Tower of Hanoi). It also explores modern modifications, such as digital and gamified approaches, to improve student involvement and comprehension. Furthermore, a novel concept, the “Minimal Dissection Path Problem for Polyominoes,” is introduced and proven, demonstrating that the minimum number of straight-line cuts required to dissect a polyomino of N squares into its constituent units is $\mathrm{N}-1$. This problem, along with other puzzles, offers practical classroom applications that reinforce core mathematical concepts like area, spatial reasoning, and optimization, making learning both enjoyable and effective.