Displaced tracks as a signal of dark matter co-annihilation: a case study using inert doublet model at $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collider

Dark sector containing heavy (charged) particles with small mass splitting with dark matter (DM) can co-annihilate and produce correct relic density, evading direct detection bounds. In such compressed spectra, the charged state can be long-lived and decay to DM along with a very soft charged particle, giving rise to distinctive disappearing or kink track signatures at colliders. As an example, we consider the Inert Doublet Model (IDM), where the charged scalar $H^{\pm }$ can be nearly degenerate with the neutral DM state ($H^0$), and produce a soft pion (${\pi }^{\pm }$) when it decays. We investigate this signature at a future $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collider, focusing on electroweak $H^{+}{H}^{-}$ pair production and its displaced decays. By varying the mass splitting, we explore the transition from prompt soft-particle signatures to long-lived and disappearing-track signatures. Our analysis demonstrates the potential of future lepton colliders to probe the interplay between the charged-particle lifetime, its decay probability within the tracking volume, and the production rate sensitivity to the compressed DM scenarios over a broad range of masses, allowed by cosmological constraints.