Fast separation of Euler and Navier--Stokes flows in two dimensions

We study the long-time validity of the inviscid limit problem by measuring when the two-dimensional ideal fluid ceases to accurately approximate a slightly viscous fluid with the same initial datum. We construct a stationary solution of the Euler equation from which the Navier–Stokes solution separates at a time scale proportional to the logarithm of the inverse viscosity, achieving the fastest separation from Euler steady states.