Low-Dimensional Hermite-Gaussian Representations for Ptychographic Reconstruction

We analyze the reconstruction error of a low-dimensional Hermite–Gaussian (HG) ptychographic method used in real-time Wigner distribution deconvolution (WDD) reconstruction. We derive an upper bound on the discrepancy between the low-dimensional, aberration-corrected reconstruction and classical Fourier-domain WDD. The bound decomposes the reconstruction error into contributions from HG–Fourier basis mismatch and aberration-coefficient mismatch, explicitly characterizing their dependence on the number of retained HG modes, Wiener regularization, aberration mismatch, and measurement dose. Numerical experiments on simulated electron and X-ray ptychographic data characterize these dependencies and demonstrate robustness to Poisson noise. These results provide theoretical and guidance for selecting the reduced representation and reconstruction parameters, enabling computationally and memory-efficient for near-real-time ptychographic reconstruction.