Equiprobability Anomaly Detector Using Angular Distributions

We use the angular distribution of top quark pairs ($t\bar{t}$) in the semileptonic final state $b\bar{b}\mathrm{\ell }\nu q{\bar{q}}^{\mathrm{\prime }}$ to construct an anomaly detector for non-$t\bar{t}$ events. Wigner $D$ functions expand the distribution with coefficients determined by orthogonal series density estimation. Its equiprobable surfaces bin the events, the non-$t\bar{t}$ concentrate at low $t\bar{t}$ density. The separation is quantified by the Kullback-Leibler divergence, which makes connection to variational autoencoders. The performance is comparable to normalizing flows at parton level, but is limited by jet assignments at reconstruction level.