Results from the GIF++ Long-Term Study of Eco-Friendly Gas Mixtures for RPCs

Gaseous detectors play a crucial role in high-energy physics experiments, yet their operation often relies on fluorinated gases with a very high Global Warming Potential (GWP). Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) operated in avalanche mode typically use high-performance gas mixtures based on high-GWP F-gases such as C${}_2$H${}_2$F${}_4$ and SF${}_6$. As environmental concerns grow and regulations become increasingly stringent, the development of sustainable gas mixtures has become a global priority. Within the RPC ECOGas@GIF++ Collaboration, a long-term R&D program has investigated eco-friendly gas mixtures for RPCs and assessed their performance under irradiation. RPCs operated with an HFO-1234ze/CO${}_2$ mixture were exposed to high particle fluxes at CERN GIF++, accumulating $\mathcal{O}({10}^2\mathrm{m}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{/}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^2)$ over three years. This ageing campaign is now complete, and the detector performances have been systematically evaluated across a broad range of particle rates. This paper presents preliminary final results from the campaign, along with future perspectives.