Sharp Constants and Extremizers in Homogeneous Tree BMO

We develop a finite-tree formalism for sharp inequalities on real-valued, mean-centered ${\mathrm{L}}^1$-BMO over homogeneous $q$-ary filtrations. A reduction theorem identifies local and global sharp constants with the supremum of finite-depth constants. Finite anchoring gives compact optimization problems and rational extremizers under rational piecewise-linear hypotheses, while stable centering shows that imposing zero root average preserves the supremum over all depths. The principal application is the absolute-value map: we construct centered examples in which taking absolute values increases the BMO seminorm and obtain bounds strictly below the universal factor $2$. Jensen-defect Carleson functionals and martingale-difference envelopes provide further applications, illustrating distinct anchoring mechanisms and the differences between finite-depth rationality, stabilization, and global attainment.