A proof of the Galt--Tyutyanov conjecture on Skiba's question

A subgroup $A$ of a finite group $G$ is \emph{hereditarily $G$-permutable} if, for every subgroup $E$ with $A\le E\le G$ and every subgroup $B$ of $E$, some $G$-conjugate of $B$ permutes with $A$ in $E$. We give a new criterion for a finite group to be simple. A nontrivial finite group $G$ is simple if and only if it has no proper nontrivial hereditarily $G$-permutable subgroup. This proves the conjecture of Galt and Tyutyanov and answers Skiba’s question in part \textup{(b)} of Problem 17.112 in the Kourovka Notebook. Earlier work settled the conjecture for alternating groups, sporadic groups, exceptional groups of Lie type, and the groups ${\mathrm{P}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{L}}_2(q)$ and ${\mathrm{P}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{U}}_3(q)$. We prove the conjecture for all classical groups. The proof uses descent through parabolic subgroups and the classification of factorizations of finite simple groups.