First demonstration of $50\mathrm{p}\mathrm{s}$ four-dimensional vertex reconstruction with the Timepix4 beam telescope

The first demonstration of 4D vertex reconstruction at the $50\mathrm{p}\mathrm{s}$ scale using a silicon pixel detector is reported. Hadronic interactions are produced by directing a $180\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}\mathrm{/}c$ mixed-hadron beam onto a fixed target upstream of the Timepix4 beam telescope at the CERN SPS. The resulting particles are reconstructed using 4D track and vertex fits that include time directly alongside the spatial parameters. The vertex time resolution follows the expected statistical scaling with the number of timing measurements, reaching $54\pm 5\mathrm{p}\mathrm{s}$ for vertices reconstructed from 16 timing-plane clusters. An irreducible component of $29.2\pm 0.6\mathrm{p}\mathrm{s}$ remains in the fitted resolution model, including sizeable contributions from the clock distribution and the time reference system rather than from the combination of the timing measurements. The observed scaling down to $54\mathrm{p}\mathrm{s}$ without an unforeseen resolution floor above represents a significant experimental step towards precision-timing in future high-pile-up detectors.