Almgren frequency and Agmon convexity on rotationally symmetric Cartan-Hadamard manifolds

We introduce a \emph{global} frequency function for harmonic functions on rotationally symmetric Cartan-Hadamard manifolds. In real hyperbolic space, we also identify a different frequency function associated with the normalized spherical $L^2$-mass of a hyperbolic harmonic function and prove its monotonicity. As a consequence, we obtain a logarithmic convexity theorem for the normalized spherical $L^2$-mass and a hyperbolic analog of the classical three-sphere theorem.