Matsumura's extension problem for pluricanonical forms in Kähler families I: the smooth and essentially Moishezon cases

In this paper, we study a problem posed by Matsumura on the extension of pluricanonical forms in Kähler families with a relatively nef canonical bundle. We give an affirmative answer in the smooth case, and for one-parameter degenerations under the additional assumption that the relative canonical bundle restricts to a big line bundle on an irreducible component of the central fiber. In particular, we confirm Siu’s conjecture on the invariance of plurigenera for a smooth Kähler family with one fiber admitting the nef canonical bundle. The key step in the smooth case is to construct a semipositively curved singular metric on the relative canonical bundle with the integrability required for Cao’s $L^2$ extension theorem, using Păun’s twisted form of Schumacher’s curvature formula and a uniform Monge–Ampère estimate obtained by adapting the capacity method of Boucksom–Eyssidieux–Guedj–Zeriahi. For one-parameter degenerations, we propagate bigness from an irreducible component of the central fiber to nearby smooth fibers and then apply Matsumura’s relative Kawamata–Viehweg vanishing theorem on a projective modification to obtain the desired extension.