On the Quotient of a Pseudo-null Module

Motivated by questions arising in noncommutative Iwasawa theory, let $R$ be a (not necessarily commutative) ring, $T\in R$ a regular central element, and $M$ a pseudo-null $R$-module. We investigate necessary and sufficient conditions under which the quotient $M\mathrm{/}TM$ is pseudo-null as an $R\mathrm{/}TR$-module. We first give necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of associated prime ideals when $R$ is commutative. Then we apply this to the case when $R$ is a Krull domain and obtain a precise relationship between the characteristic ideals of $M\mathrm{/}TM$ and the $T$-torsion submodule $M[T]$. We give necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of $\mathrm{Ext}$ groups when $R$ is a noncommutative ring and then compare them with the criterion when $R$ is commutative. Lastly, we give an application to noncommutative Iwasawa theory. Roughly speaking, if big' dual fine Selmer group is pseudo-null, then most’ specialized dual fine Selmer group is pseudo-null.