A difference formula of $p$-adic height pairings via the Bloch-Kato logarithm map

The construction of a $p$-adic height pairing for a geometric $p$-adic representation of the absolute Galois group of a number field depends on a global $p$-adic logarithm and on local splittings of the Hodge filtrations at the primes above $p$. We study the dependence on these splittings for suitable two-dimensional symplectic self-dual representations, including self-dual twists of representations attached to even-weight newforms at non-ordinary primes not dividing the level. We express the difference between the height pairings associated with the two splittings determined by Frobenius explicitly in terms of local Bloch–Kato logarithms. As an application over $\mathbb{Q}$, we prove that at least one of the two cyclotomic $p$-adic height pairings is non-trivial under the additional assumptions that the Frobenius eigenvalues at $p$ are distinct and the localization map at $p$ from the Bloch–Kato Selmer group is non-zero.