The use of coherent states in the excitation and ionization of atoms by a short symmetric pulse

We propose a new model for describing the excitation of atoms by short symmetric pulses. The theory is based on the impulse approximation and incorporates a confining potential approximated by a harmonic oscillator. Results are presented for a wide variety of parameters, including field intensity and laser frequency. Permitted and forbidden transitions are analyzed in detail. The photon energy spectrum presents peaks attributed to multiphoton absorption. Our model demonstrates robustness and reliability, paving the way for addressing more complex scenarios.