Persistence of BKT phase transition in the 2D nonanalytic XY model

We study the two-dimensional XY model with the nonanalytic pair potential $2[(1-\cos \delta )\mathrm{/}2{]}^p$, whose small-angle law $\propto \mathrm{\mid }\delta {\mathrm{\mid }}^{2p}$ carries a cusp for $p<1$ and a flat bottom for $p>1$, invalidating the harmonic spin-wave expansion. Two questions arise: the nature of the low-temperature ($T$) phase and of the phase transition. A naive energetic argument would predict genuine long-range order and an enhanced transition temperature for $p<1$, and no transition at all for $p>1$. Large-scale Monte Carlo simulations contradict both: for every $p>0$ the \dengrevxxi{low-$T$ phase} is quasi-long-range ordered, with anomalous dimension $\eta (T)\propto T^{1\mathrm{/}p}$, and terminates at a Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition. Using a vortex-free noncompact lattice-field description and utilizing a duality transformation, we show that coarse-graining drives the height-difference distribution onto a single Gaussian fixed point, renormalizing the cusp and flatness into a finite harmonic stiffness that restores the spin-wave description and the BKT scenario for all $p>0$.