First simultaneous global QCD analysis of kaon and pion parton distributions with lattice QCD constraints

We perform the first simultaneous global QCD analysis of pion and kaon parton distribution functions (PDFs), constrained by pion- and kaon-induced Drell-Yan (DY) and leading neutron electroproduction data, together with lattice QCD data on pion and kaon PDF moments. The analysis indicates a softer valence $\bar{u}$ distribution in the $K^{-}$ than in the ${\pi }^{-}$, and a significantly more peaked valence $s$-quark density in $K^{-}$ compared with the $\bar{u}$. The effective exponent governing the high-$x$ behavior of the PDF is found to be larger for $\bar{u}$ in the kaon, ${\beta }_{\bar{u}}^{K^{-}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}⁣}=1.6(2)$, than in the pion, ${\beta }_{\bar{u}}^{{\pi }^{-}}\text{\hspace{0.17em}⁣}=1.16(4)$, in the range $0.7\le x\le 0.95$. From the gluon momentum fractions we find the pion’s gluon content accounts for $\approx 1\mathrm{/}3$ of the mass budget of the pion at $\mu =2\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$, but only $\approx 1\mathrm{/}4$ for the kaon.