Sum-of-Squares Certificates for Copositive Matrices via Recursive Identities: The de Klerk-Pasechnik Conjecture and Hoffman--Pereira Matrices

We establish the conjecture by de Klerk and Pasechnik (2002), claiming that the semidefinite bounds ${\vartheta }^{(r)}(G)(r\ge 0)$ for the stability number $\alpha (G)$ are exact at $r=\alpha (G)-1$, by exhibiting an explicit sum-of-squares certificate. This certificate allows us to recover a known characterization of the minimizers of the Motzkin-Straus formulation for $1\mathrm{/}\alpha (G)$. Additionally, we give sum-of-squares copositivity certificates for the matrices satisfying the Hoffman–Pereira sign condition, a crucial condition for characterizing copositive matrices with $\{-1,0,1\}$ entries.