The entropy production is not always monotone for hard spheres or for Maxwell molecules

In 1966, McKean asked whether the entropy production of the Boltzmann equation must be monotone decreasing in time. We show that this is not the case even in the space-homogeneous setting for the Boltzmann collision operator with a constant angular cross section and the kinetic parameter $\gamma \in [0,1]$. This recovers the classical case of hard spheres and the simplest case of Maxwell molecules. Our examples are radially symmetric mixtures of Maxwellians.