Propagation Direction of Bistable Traveling Fronts in the Lotka--Volterra Competition--Diffusion System

We study the propagation direction of bistable traveling fronts in the two-species Lotka–Volterra competition–diffusion system under strong competition. A complete characterization of the sign of the wave speed has remained a long-standing unsolved problem. We establish the first global necessary and sufficient criterion for zero wave speed by combining a Maxwell-type identity with a phase-plane rigidity argument. This criterion yields a unique zero-speed threshold, identifies its value in the symmetric case and its limiting values in two extreme regimes, and consequently determines the propagation direction throughout the strong-competition parameter region.