Towards a physics-informed multiscale digital twin for precision medicine in Alzheimer's disease

Deciphering the drivers of brain ageing and neurodegeneration, and explaining heterogeneity in individual trajectories, remains a central challenge for precision medicine. We propose PIM-BrainTwin, a physics-informed multiscale digital twin for Alzheimer’s disease that draws on materials-science principles–fatigue-like depletion, safety margins and critical transitions–to quantify residual compensatory capacity and system stability. Designed as an open, modular and federated platform, it enables alternative mechanistic hypotheses to be formalised, compared and refined.