Some universalities in the partition functions of low-dimensional gravity models

In this work, first, we discuss the connections between various low-dimensional quantum gravity models, including 3d Chern-Simons, 2d JT, 2d BF theory, 2d Liouville, 2d WZW, and 1d Schwarzian, which are related through holography and dimension reduction, and discuss some universalities in their partition functions. Then, we specifically examine the JT partition function and the partition function of $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ on $S^2$ and ${\text{AdS}}_2$ and discuss their similarities and therefore examine our proposed universalities. We change the parameters in each model and based on the change in the structure of the partition functions, strengthen our conjectures. We also use eigenfunctions, spectra and the behaviors of Wheeler-DeWitt wavefunctions to generate more universalities between these low-dimensional quantum gravity models, specifically in their partition functions. Then, we use entanglement entropy, complexity and RG flows, particularly in the context of wormholes, to find more universalities in quantum gravity models. Finally, we use the new results about the connections between wormholes and defects to discuss our universalities further.