Intra-YOLO: A Small Object Detection Model for Caries and Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in Intraoral Photography Based on Transfer Learning with Reinforcement Learning

This study developed a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for detecting caries and molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in intraoral photographs. These lesions share similar appearances, making clinical differentiation challenging, especially given their small size and variability in imaging conditions.